Bavaria, Maximilian I. Joseph, 1806-1825, 20 Kreuzer 1809, PCGS AU58

Hannover, George IV., 1820-1830, 16 Gute Groschen 1829

Historical facts about the coin

Guter Groschen, also Gutergroschen or Gutegroschen, abbreviation Ggr.

Is the name of the so-called Fürstengroschen, which were valued at 1⁄24 Reichstaler from the end of the 16th century, in contrast to the lighter Mariengroschen, which were only valued at 1⁄36 Reichstaler.

The term "Guter Groschen" remained common until the middle of the 19th century.

Georg August Friedrich (1762 - 1830) - "the first gentleman of England".

He was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 1820 to 1830 as George IV.

George was the eldest child of King George III and Queen Charlotte.

He led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashion of the so-called Regency era, and he was also a promoter of new forms of leisure, style and taste, commissioning, among others, John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and rebuild Buckingham Palace and Sir Jeffry Wyatville to rebuild Windsor Castle .

George's charm and assiduity in art and culture earned him the title of 'England's first gentleman', but his determined lifestyle and poor relations with his parents and his wife Caroline of Brunswick earned him popular contempt and tarnished the reputation of the monarchy.

Since George's only recognised daughter Charlotte Augusta of Wales (1796-1817), who was legitimate to succeed to the throne, remained childless and died before her father at the age of 21, the succession to the throne had to remain open for the time being.

After George's death, the regency was divided among his younger brothers until 1837, when his famous niece Queen Victoria (1819-1901) finally took over the reins of government.

Victoria's death marked the end of the House of Hanover's reign, which passed to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (renamed the House of Windsor in 1917) with the accession of their eldest son Edward VII.

Bavaria, Charles Theodore, 1777-1799, Conventionsthaler 1792, PCGS AU58

Historical

Karl Philipp Theodor ( *1724; † 1799)

He had been Count Palatine and Elector Palatine as well as Duke of Jülich-Berg since 31 December 1742 as Charles IV.
From 30 December 1777 he was also Elector of Bavaria as Charles II and the penultimate Palatine-Bavarian Elector.

His reign had enormous significance for the cultural, economic and infrastructural development of southern Germany in the second half of the 18th century.

In the spirit of the Enlightenment, he carried out numerous reforms and acted as a patron of the arts. Famous contemporaries with whom Karl Philipp Theodor surrounded himself included the French philosopher and writer Voltaire, who performed several plays at his court.

Music
The Elector was regarded as an extremely enlightened sovereign, praised for his intellectual curiosity and tolerance, his education and his taste in art. He promoted science and art far beyond the usual measure. For example, he had Johann Stamitz reform the court orchestra as "instrumental music director".
It became an elite ensemble that brought together outstanding instrumentalists and excellent singers from all over Europe. The Elector's court orchestra thus became a pioneer of European classical music and was known worldwide as the "Mannheim School".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart gave several concerts here at court from 1777 and was music teacher to the princely children.

Science
In 1763, Karl Theodor founded the Mannheim Academy of Sciences, which included the classes of history and natural sciences, and in Düsseldorf the Collegium Anatomico-Chirurgicum. In 1780, the Societas Meteorologica Palatina followed as the third class of the Academy; this was the first internationally active meteorological society.

Art
He revolutionised the art scene, among other things. He revolutionised the art scene, for example, at Mannheim Palace, where he established a cabinet of copperplate engravings and drawings, which later became the Munich State Collection of Prints and Drawings. In 1769 the Mannheim Academy of Drawing opened with its famous Hall of Antiquities.

Today, Elector Karl Theodor is one of the most outstanding German patrons of the general sciences as well as the music and art scene worldwide. 

Bavaria, Charles Theodore, 1777-1799, Conventionsthaler 1786, PCGS AU58

For the electoral line Palatinate-Sulzbach

Historical

Karl Philipp Theodor ( *1724; † 1799)

He had been Count Palatine and Elector Palatine as well as Duke of Jülich-Berg since 31 December 1742 as Charles IV.
From 30 December 1777 he was also Elector of Bavaria as Charles II and the penultimate Palatine-Bavarian Elector.

His reign had enormous significance for the cultural, economic and infrastructural development of southern Germany in the second half of the 18th century.

In the spirit of the Enlightenment, he carried out numerous reforms and acted as a patron of the arts. Famous contemporaries with whom Karl Philipp Theodor surrounded himself included the French philosopher and writer Voltaire, who performed several plays at his court.

Music
The Elector was regarded as an extremely enlightened sovereign, praised for his intellectual curiosity and tolerance, his education and his taste in art. He promoted science and art far beyond the usual measure. For example, he had Johann Stamitz reform the court orchestra as "instrumental music director".
It became an elite ensemble that brought together outstanding instrumentalists and excellent singers from all over Europe. The Elector's court orchestra thus became a pioneer of European classical music and was known worldwide as the "Mannheim School".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart gave several concerts here at court from 1777 and was music teacher to the princely children.

Science
In 1763, Karl Theodor founded the Mannheim Academy of Sciences, which included the classes of history and natural sciences, and in Düsseldorf the Collegium Anatomico-Chirurgicum. In 1780, the Societas Meteorologica Palatina followed as the third class of the Academy; this was the first internationally active meteorological society.

Art
He revolutionised the art scene, among other things. He revolutionised the art scene, for example, at Mannheim Palace, where he established a cabinet of copperplate engravings and drawings, which later became the Munich State Collection of Prints and Drawings. In 1769 the Mannheim Academy of Drawing opened with its famous Hall of Antiquities.

Today, Elector Karl Theodor is one of the most outstanding German patrons of the general sciences as well as the music and art scene worldwide. 

Saxony, Frederick Augustus I., 1806-1827, Conventionsthaler 1808

Württemberg, Wilhelm I., 1816-1864, 1/2 Gulden 1844

Bulgaria, Alexander I., 1879-1886, 10 Centimes 1879 AB, Essay

Medal in the size of 10 Santim 1879 AB
On the occassion of Alexander's accession to power

The first 10 Santim planchet minted in 1879
 

Saxe-Altenburg, Ernest, 1853-1908, 2 Mark 1901

Oldenburg, Nicholas Frederick Peter, 1853-1900, 2 Mark 1891

Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Friedrich Franz IV., 1897-1918, 2 Mark 1901

Historical

Frederick Francis IV.
(* 9 April 1882 in Palermo; † 17 November 1945 in Flensburg)

He was the last Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the last reigning monarch in Mecklenburg.

He reigned after the death of his father in 1897 (until 1901 under the guardianship of his uncle Duke Johann Albrecht) until 14 November 1918.